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Contemporary wushu first became a competitive sport in China in 1949. It was incorporated into the physical education curriculum in schools during the 1950s. In 1958, the China Wushu Association was established in Beijing. The Association went on to establish compulsory forms and required sets of specified movements such as Chang Quan (long fist) and Nan Quan (southern fist). In 1992, sword and staff weapon forms were added. In 1991, Beijing hosted the first Wushu World Champhionship.
While traditional martial arts emphsize the art of fighting, contemporary wushu is more performance-oriented with greater complexity of movements. Though based on traditional movements, wushu accentuates the athletic challenges inherent in the height of jumps, speed, complexity of movements, physical stregth, and artistic expression. Contemporary wushu encompasses both a competition of different forms, as well as full-contact fighting, which takes place on a raised platform where fighters gain points with punches, sweeps, throws, and forcing the opponent off the platform.
Today, official compulsory routines include Chang Quan (long fist), Nan Guan (southern fist), broad sword, straight sword, staff, spear, Tai Ji Quan, Tai Ji sword, and Nan Dao (southern sword). Wushu competition routines are continually reviewed and updated by the China Wushu Research Institute, the Chinese Wushu Association, and the Beijing University of Physical Education, in concert with top wushu professionals, teachers, and athletes.
Zui Quan (Drunken Fist) is used both for fighting and for maintaining health. Martial artists of the drunken fist form stress the combatitve side of their style, blending a series of movements, actions, and martial arts skills to confuse their opponents. The main feature of Drunken Fist is to hide combative moves in drunken-like, unsteady movements and actions while maintaining a clear mind. Drunken Fist is considered to be among the more difficult wushu styles to learn due to the need for powerful joints and fingers.
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